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如何判断及维修电动机故障

　　电动机运行或故障时，可通过看、听、闻、摸四种方法来及时预防和排除故障，保证电动机的安全运行。

一、看

观察电动机运行过程中有无异常，其主要表现为以下几种情况。

　　1.定子绕组短路时，可能会看到电动机冒烟。

　　2.电动机严重过载或缺相运行时，转速会变慢且有较沉重的"嗡嗡"声。

　　3.电动机正常运行，但突然停止时，会看到接线松脱处冒火花；保险丝熔断或某部件被卡住等现象。

　　4.若电动机剧烈振动，则可能是传动装置被卡住或电动机固定不良、底脚螺栓松动等。

　　5.若电动机内接触点和连接处有变色、烧痕和烟迹等，则说明可能有局部过热、导体连接处接触不良或绕组烧毁等。

二、听

电动机正常运行时应发出均匀且较轻的"嗡嗡"声，无杂音和特别的声音。若发出噪声太大，包括电磁噪声、轴承杂音、通风噪声、机械摩擦声等，均可能是故障先兆或故障现象。

1. 对于电磁噪声，如果电动机发出忽高忽低且沉重的声音，则原因可能有以下几种。

　（1）定子与转子间气隙不均匀，此时声音忽高忽低且高低音间隔时间不变，这是轴承磨损从而使定子与转子不同心所致。

　（2）三相电流不平衡。这是三相绕组存在误接地、短路或接触不良等原因，若声音很沉闷则说明电动机严重过载或缺相运行。

　（3）铁芯松动。电动机在运行中因振动而使铁芯固定螺栓松动造成铁芯硅钢片松动，发出噪声。

2.对于轴承杂音，应在电动机运行中经常监听。监听方法是：将螺丝刀一端顶住轴承安装部位，另一端贴近耳朵，便可听到轴承运转声。若轴承运转正常，其声音为连续而细小的"沙沙"声，不会有忽高忽低的变化及金属摩擦声。若出现以下几种声音则为不正常现象。

　（1）轴承运转时有"吱吱"声，这是金属摩擦声，一般为轴承缺油所致，应拆开轴承加注适量润滑脂。

　（2）若出现"唧哩"声，这是滚珠转动时发出的声音，一般为润滑脂干涸或缺油引起，可加注适量油脂。

　（3）若出现"喀喀"声或"嘎吱"声，则为轴承内滚珠不规则运动而产生的声音，这是轴承内滚珠损坏或电动机长期不用，润滑脂干涸所致。

　　3.若传动机构和被传动机构发出连续而非忽高忽低的声音，可分以下几种情况处理。

　（1）周期性"啪啪"声，为皮带接头不平滑引起。

　（2）周期性"咚咚"声，为联轴器或皮带轮与轴间松动以及键或键槽磨损引起。

　（3）不均匀的碰撞声，为风叶碰撞风扇罩引起。

三、闻

通过闻电动机的气味也能判断及预防故障。若发现有油漆味，说明电动机内部温度过高；若发现有很重的糊味或焦臭味，则可能是绝缘层被击穿或绕组已烧毁。

四、摸

　　摸电动机一些部位的温度也可判断故障原因。为确保安全，用手摸时应用手背去碰触电动机外壳、轴承周围部分，若发现温度异常，其原因可能有以下几种。

　　1.通风不良。如风扇脱落、通风道堵塞等。

　　2.过载。致使电流过大而使定子绕组过热。

　　3.定子绕组匝间短路或三相电流不平衡。

　　4.频繁启动或制动。

　　5.若轴承周围温度过高，则可能是轴承损坏或缺油所致
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Rockwell AB flexible, digital servo driver series can be used in a variety of motion control application systems. Wide range power supply

The platform and continuity option make the servo driver of Rockwell AB a variety of mechanical control systems (including LOGIX, SLC) and a third party

Attractive solutions for mechanical and motion control systems.



Fiber S300/400/500 series fiber bragg grating temperature sensors are used for temperature measurement on the surface or inside of different structures, tunnel fire protection, switch cabinet temperature measurement, buried temperature measurement, etc. The installation methods include surface installation, burial, etc. They are widely used in bridges, dams, offshore oil platforms, oil and gas pipelines and other large structures and buildings, as well as power, military, fire protection, mining Precise temperature measurement of large equipment in aerospace and other fields. The sensor with corresponding sensitivity can be provided according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material.

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We mainly make DCS system accessories and PLC system accessories: DCS system accessories of Bentley, Invensys, Woodward, Foxboro, Westinghouse, Ryan, Schneider Modicon, ABB, AB, Siemens, Motorola, GE Fanuc, Anchuan, Bosch Rexroth, ACSO, YOKOGAWA Yokogawa, Rexroth and other major brands, robot system accessories, large servo system accessories

How to judge and repair motor faults



In case of motor operation or fault, four methods can be used to prevent and eliminate the fault in time to ensure the safe operation of the motor.



1、 Look



Observe whether there is any abnormality during the operation of the motor, which is mainly shown in the following situations.



1. Smoke may be seen from the motor when the stator winding is short circuited.



2. When the motor runs with serious overload or phase loss, the speed will slow down and there will be a heavy "buzz".



3. The motor operates normally, but when it stops suddenly, sparks will be seen at the loose connection; The fuse is blown or a component is stuck.



4. If the motor vibrates violently, it may be that the transmission device is stuck or the motor is poorly fixed, or the anchor bolt is loose.



5. If there is discoloration, burn mark and smoke trace at the internal contact and connection of the motor, it indicates that there may be local overheating, poor contact at the conductor connection or burnt winding.



2、 Listen



The motor shall make a uniform and light "buzz" sound during normal operation, without noise and special sound. If the noise is too large, including electromagnetic noise, bearing noise, ventilation noise, mechanical friction noise, etc., it may be a fault precursor or fault phenomenon.



1. For electromagnetic noise, if the motor makes a heavy noise, the reasons may be as follows.



(1) The air gap between the stator and the rotor is uneven. At this time, the sound varies from high to low and the interval between high and low sounds remains unchanged. This is caused by bearing wear, which makes the stator and rotor not concentric.



(2) The three-phase current is unbalanced. This is due to incorrect grounding, short circuit or poor contact of three-phase winding. If the sound is very dull, it indicates that the motor is seriously overloaded or operates without phase.



(3) The iron core is loose. During the operation of the motor, the fixing bolts of the iron core become loose due to vibration, which causes the looseness of the silicon steel sheet of the iron core and noise.



2. The bearing noise shall be monitored frequently during motor operation. Monitoring method: Hold one end of the screwdriver against the mounting part of the bearing, and close the other end to the ear to hear the running sound of the bearing. If the bearing operates normally, its sound is continuous and small "rustling" sound, and there will be no high and low changes and metal friction sound. The following sounds are abnormal.



(1) When the bearing is running, there is a "squeak" sound, which is caused by metal friction. It is generally caused by the lack of oil in the bearing. The bearing should be disassembled and added with proper amount of grease.



(2) If there is a "chirp" sound, it is the sound made by the ball when it rotates. It is generally caused by dry grease or lack of oil, and an appropriate amount of grease can be added.



(3) If there is a "clicking" or "creaking" sound, it is the sound generated by the irregular movement of the ball in the bearing, which is caused by the damage of the ball in the bearing or the long-term use of the motor, and the drying of the lubricating grease.



3. If the transmission mechanism and driven mechanism emit continuous sound instead of high and low sound, it can be handled in the following cases.



(1) Periodic "popping" sound is caused by the belt joint is not smooth.



(2) Periodic "thumping" sound is caused by looseness between coupling or pulley and shaft and wear of key or keyway.



(3) Uneven collision sound is caused by the fan blade colliding with the fan cover.



3、 Smell



The fault can also be judged and prevented by smelling the smell of the motor. If paint smell is found, it indicates that the internal temperature of the motor is too high; If a heavy paste or burnt smell is found, it may be that the insulation layer has been broken down or the winding has been burnt.