8619-FT-MT状况和客服究竟操作时刻作为分区的字段，进行中、无人处理以及0近0个月内封闭的工单放在0个A分区中，超越0个月的已封闭的工单放在0个B分区中。经过这样的处理，工单列表的查询速度就有了质的前进

每次查询 SQL 语句只用去扫描A分区就能够了。
可是，假定要这样做的话要考虑如下几个点：
开发组是否具有数据库分库经历；
因为要在出产环境中分区，因而要考虑分区给出产环境带来的影响。
三、数据冷热别离
在学习数据冷热别离前咱们先来看0下底子概念

3.1 底子概念
冷热数据：
所谓的冷数据指的是不常用的，状况底子不变的数据，热数据指的是常常运用，而且会对其进行操作的数据。
冷热库：
存放冷数据的数据库被称为冷库，存放热数据的数据库被称为热库。
冷热别离：
在处理数据时，将数据依照冷热分为冷库和热库，在咱们的事例中工单表是热库。
3.2 冷热别离计划
冷热别离计划有两种，0种是冷热数据都运用同0种类型的数据库，另0种是将冷数据存储在NoSQL数据库中。下面们我来别离阐明0下。

3.2.1 计划0：同类型数库存储
0般来说这个计划能够处理大部分数据存储问题，而且冷热库运用的是相同的库结构，数据从热库搬迁到冷库时不用进行数据转化，而且代码部分改动较小。和数据库分区相同，咱们在实施这个计划前，需求考虑这几个问题：

怎样判别数据冷热；
冷热数据别离怎样触发；
冷热数据别离怎样结束；
冷热数据怎样运用。
下面就针对这4个方面进行阐明

3.2.1.1 怎样判别数据冷热
常见的判别办法是，依据主表中的0个或几个字段来判别。比方在工单体系中，能够运用工单状况、客服究竟操作时刻来作为冷热数据的判别条件，将现已封闭的而且超越0个月的工单视为冷数据，其他的工单视为热数据。
在判别冷热数据中，咱们应遵循以下原则：

数据0旦被搬迁到冷库中，就代表事务代码只能对它进行查询操作；
冷热数据不能0起读取。
3.2.1.2 冷热数据别离怎样触发
触发冷热数据别离的办法有三种：在批改操作的代码后边加上触发冷热别离的代码、监听数据库改动日志、守时扫描数据库。针对这三种办法来00阐明。

在批改操作的代码后边加上触发冷热别离的代码
在每次批改了数据后，都会触发实施冷热别离的代码。这种办法比较简单，每次只需求判别以下是否变成了冷数据即可，虽然能确保数据实时性，可是无法依照日期时刻来差异冷热数据，而且全部与数据批改相关的代码都要加上冷热别离代码。因而这种办法运用的较少，0般用在小型体系上。
监听数据库改动日志
这种办法需求创立0个新服务来监听数据库改动日志，0旦发现相关的表发生了变动就触发冷热别离逻辑。这种办法又分为两种子办法，0个是直接触发冷热别离逻辑，另0个是将表更的数据发送到部队里（能够是自定义的公共 List，也能够是MQ），订阅放从部队中获取到数据后实施冷热别离逻辑。这种办法的利益是与事务代码完全解耦，低推延，可是缺点和办法0相同无法依照日期来差异冷热数据，而且会呈现事务代码和冷热别离逻辑代码0起操作同0条数据的问题，也就是并发问题。
守时扫描数据库
这种办法也是新建0个服务，守时扫描数据库。0般咱们会运用使命调度渠道来结束，或许经过第三方开源的库/组件来结束，当然，假定你乐意也能够经过编写操作体系守时使命来结束。这种办法的利益是与事务代码别离，而且能够依据日期时刻差异冷热数据，缺点是无法做到实时性。
依据上面三种办法的描绘来看，工单体系适合运用守时扫描数据库的办法来结束冷热别离。

3.2.1.3 冷热数据别离怎样结束
现已有了冷热数据别离的处理计划了，那么在这0末节里咱们来看看怎样结束冷热别离。
结束冷热别离的底子进程如下：

判别数据冷热；
将冷数据刺进冷库；
将冷数据从热库中删去。
要结束这三个底子进程，咱们需求考虑以下内容：
在前面三个进程中，咱们无法百分百确实保不会出问题，因而咱们有必要经过代码来确保数据的究竟0致性。要结束究竟0致性，咱们能够在工单表中新加0个列 是否冷数据（是、否，默许：否）。首要冷热数据别离服务将找到的冷数据全都标记为是冷数据，接着服务将冷数据搬迁到冷库中，搬迁结束后就从热库中将对应的数据删掉。假定在搬迁或许删去数据的时分呈现了反常，那么咱们就需求在搬迁和删去数据的事务代码中参加重试机制（这儿0般会用干流的重试库，比方.NET中的Polly，Java中的guava-retry等）。假定屡次重试后依然不成功，那么代码能够间断冷热数据别离的实施并发出警告，或许越过不成功的数据，继续实施后续数据的搬迁。在删去不成功而且越过的状况下，很有或许会呈现在下次实施冷热数据别离的时分在冷库中刺进重复数据的状况，那么咱们就需求在刺进前判别冷库中是否存在该条数据，也能够运用数据库的幂等操作来结束刺进操作（比方MySQL数据库的 Insert …On Duplicate Key Update 语句）。
到这儿，咱们考虑0个问题，工单体系数据量巨大，假定0次性将全部冷数据刺进到冷库中的话是很慢的，有或许需求几十分钟乃至几个小时，那么处理这个问题的绑法有两种：0种是批处理，0种是多线程处理。

Tip：何为幂等？完全相同的恳求/操作，屡次实施的成果和实施0次的成果相同。

咱们先来说说批处理的办法。例如咱们的工单体系中的标明的冷数据有1000万条，那么咱们能够依照如下的进程进行处理冷热别离：

取出前1万条冷数据；
将这1万条冷数据存储到冷库中；
从热库中删去这1万条冷数据；
循环1到3，直至说有冷数据搬迁结束。
咱们再来说说对线程处理的办法。多线程处理的办法分两种，0种是设置多个不同的守时器，每个守时器会在估计的距离时刻里发起0个线程来处理数据。另0种是运用线程池，先计算出需求搬迁的冷数据总数，再依据每个线程0大搬迁数据量计算出需求多少个线程，假定所需线程数量超越线程池中线程的数量的话，那么就将线程池中的全部线程全部发起（并不是线程越多功率越高）。这两种办法的底子原理都相同，同样需求留心的问题也是相同的。
数据搬迁时应该怎样避免多个线程搬迁同0条冷数据呢？咱们能够运用锁。在工单表上增加0个 加锁线程ID 字段，用来标识当时数据正在被线程处理。线程每次在获取数据后，就需求对自己所获得的数据的加锁线程ID字段写入自己的线程ID。写入线程ID后并不能直接开始搬迁数据了，而是在搬迁数据前再查询0次自己承认的数据，这是避免向加锁线程ID字段加写入数据前被其他线程提早写入了数据，然后导致多个线程处理同0条数据的问题。再次查询后咱们就能够进行数据搬迁了，可是要留心数据搬迁所用的数据是再次查询后获得数据，而不是线程刚开始获得的数据。
到这儿，又有0个问题，假定某个线程挂掉了，锁就有很大或许没有释放（位于工单表中的冷数据没被删去），该怎样处理？其实很简单，在工单表中增加锁守时刻列来记载被承认的时刻，并设置当锁守时刻超越N分钟后（例如5分钟，N的值需求在查验环境中进行屡次查验后取平均值）就能够被其他线程从头承认。
当然这又呈现另0个问题，假定某个线程没有挂，可是处理数据的时刻也确实超时了，其他线程只知道数据承认超时了，该怎样办？咱们能够运用上0末节所说的数据库的幂等操作来结束刺进操作。

3.2.1.4 冷热数据怎样运用
这个问题处理起来也很简单，咱们能够将冷数据查询和热数据查询分红两种操作，默许只能查询热数据，当需求查询冷数据时向服务端传递0个标识来奉告需求查询冷数据。

TIP：必定不要进行冷热数据的0起查询

3.2.2 计划二：NoSQL存储
前面讲了同类型数据库冷热存储，运用NoSQL存储的原理是相同的，只不过是把冷库从联络型数据库改为了 NoSQL，进程和留心事项也是相同的。可是运用 NoSQL 存储冷库的利益是数据量不论多大，只要在 NoSQL的接受范围内，查询速度都要比联络型数据库作为冷库要快，因为咱们的冷库数据仍是许多的。现在市面上的大部分盛行 NoSQL 都适合做冷库运用，在实践项目中需求依据开发组技能水平、项目需求和运维本钱等方面来选择运用哪个 NoSQL 作为冷库。

四、总结
分区和冷热别离说完，这两种计划适合有明晰的分区或标识冷热数据的字段才运用，这个计划也覆盖了大部分项目需求，可是还有0些项目需求并不适合这两种计划，后续文章我将继续阐明记住0座城，往往只需要0个地标性建筑，它们或根植于历史深处，或投射出时代风貌，以独0无二的韵味形态，映照着这座城市的精神与文明。

 

放眼西南地区，令人印象深刻的“地标”不在少数。比如，蕴含中华情怀、带领我们飞越蜀道峻岭的“太阳神鸟”——成都天府国际机场。而提到重庆，你又会想到哪些独具鲜明特色的宏伟建筑呢？屹立于长江与嘉陵江交汇之地，来福士建筑群在外观上犹如0艘“巨轮”，呈扬帆起航之势。该创意源于重庆丰富悠久的航运文化，化形为江面上强劲的风帆，寓意“扬帆远航”。在项目设计师摩西·萨夫迪看来，建筑设计并不仅靠灵光乍现，更需要持续的摸索和改进，对设计雏形不断雕琢，直至大功告成。这0观点在来福士广场项目中得以完美全面体现。八座塔楼拔地而起，其中两座超过了350米，还有0个300米长的水晶连廊，被大众称为“横向摩天楼”。透过晶莹剔透的玻璃向下俯瞰，你可以270度环绕领略山城风光。



走进广场内部，创新的交通引导系统和交通枢纽整合了地铁站、公交中转站、港务码头，并在不同的楼层设置了走道和出入口，便于人们在办公室、酒店、公寓和娱乐设施之间的往来穿梭。此外，连廊还设置了空中花园、泳池、餐饮等业态，以及玻璃底的观景天文台。其设计结构和遮阳系统能够抵御本地气候，从多种层面满足人们的娱乐和游览需求。值得0提的是，这项被媒体誉为奇迹的工程项目，已获得美国绿色建筑委员会颁发的LEED-CS金奖预认证。在可持续发展方面，这座具有动感与活力的“未来建筑”已经做好了充足准备。通过区域供暖、热源回收、高效照明、日光传感器和雨水收集等先进技术来减少对环境的影响。而ABB电气产品，如断路器、电涌保护器、接触器等，为建筑群免受雷击和浪涌的危害贡献了力量，为确保稳定、可靠的电力供应发挥了巨大作用。其中，配电房内的Emax2空气断路器在保证大楼供电连续性和可靠性的同时，大大节省了建筑的数字化、绿色化升级成本；Tmax XT系列塑壳断路器不仅电气性能参数高，还提供与ACB同0平台的Touch脱扣器，支持即插即用模块与多种通信协议，为今后的智能化转型、在线升级和设备预测性运维实施，提供了可靠的平台。此外，配电箱内的OVR浪涌保护器让电力系统更为安全稳定；S200系列微型断路器帮助建筑避免了因电气连接不可靠而产生的故障发生。如今，来福士广场早已成为了山城重庆的0座地标符号，在展现古渝雄关之恢弘气势的同时，也延续了重庆人由此出发、通向未来的美好希冀。这就像是重庆对世界发出讯息：“我们来了！”

 

探寻世界知名建筑，ABB从未止步。欢迎大家关注《建筑是凝固的音乐》系列短片，随时了解更多建筑故事，与ABB0起环游世界。机器视觉技术，是0门涉及人工智能、神经生物学、心理物理学、计算机科学、图像处理、模式识别等诸多领域的交叉学科。机器视觉主要用计算机来模拟人的视觉功能，从客观事物的图像中提取信息，进行处理并加以理解，0终用于实际检测、测量和控制。 什么是工业相机？ 工业相机是机器视觉系统中的0个关键组件，其本质功能就是将光信号转变成有序的电信号，相当于机器视觉系统的“眼睛”。相比于传统的民用相机(摄像机)而言，工业相机(摄像机)具有高图像稳定性、高传输能力和高抗干扰能力等，市面上工业相机大多是基于CCD(Charge Coupled Device)或CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)芯片的相机。 CCD，电荷藕合器件图像传感器。它使用0种高感光度的半导体材料制成，能把光线转变成电荷，通过模数转换器芯片转换成数字信号，数字信号经过压缩以后由相机内部的闪速存储器或内置硬盘卡保存，因而可以轻而易举地把数据传输给计算机，并借助于计算机的处理手段，根据需要和想像来修改图像。

CMOS，互补性氧化金属半导体。和CCD0样，同为在数码相机中可记录光线变化的半导体。CMOS的制造技术和0般计算机芯片没什么差别，主要是利用硅和锗这两种元素所做成的半导体，使其在CMOS上共存着带N(带–电) 和 P(带+电)级的半导体，这两个互补效应所产生的电流即可被处理芯片纪录和解读成影像。Industrial control refers to industrial automation control, which is mainly realized by the combination of electronic, electrical, mechanical and software. That is industrial control, or factory automation control. It mainly refers to the use of computer technology, microelectronics technology and electrical means to make the production and manufacturing process of the factory more automatic, efficient, accurate, controllable and visible.



Industrial control computer is a general term for tools that use bus structure to detect and control the production process, electromechanical equipment and process equipment. It has important computer attributes and characteristics, such as computer CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and interfaces, real-time operating system, control network and protocol, computing power, friendly man-machine interface, etc. The main categories of industrial computers include IPC (PC bus industrial computer), PLC (programmable control system), DCS (distributed control system), FCS (Fieldbus System) and CNC (numerical control system). Everyone who studies electronics knows that PLC is a very important device and a relatively difficult technology. It is a digital operation electronic system specially designed for application in the industrial environment. It is the basis for realizing industrial automation and Internet of things control. It has a very broad application prospect in the future.



PLC technology originated in the United States



PLC technology originated in the United States. General Motors of the United States was the first to apply PLC. In the 1960s, when they adjusted the factory production line, they found that the relay and contactor control system was difficult to modify, large in size, noisy, inconvenient to maintain and poor in reliability. Subsequently, the American digital equipment company developed the first programmable controller, which has achieved remarkable results in the production line of general motors. Later, PLC technology was developed in Japan and Europe, and programmable controllers were successfully developed in Japan and Germany. In 1974, China also began to study programmable controllers and widely used in various fields.



PLC first replaced the mechanical switch device, and then the function of PLC gradually replaced the relay control board. Modern PLC has more functions, and its purpose extends from single process control to the control and monitoring of the whole manufacturing system.



Application of PLC technology in industrial automation, Internet of things control and other fields



At present, PLC technology is widely used in industrial automation, automotive electronics, transportation, Internet of things control and other industries. Its role in these fields can be roughly divided into four categories.



1、 For various motion control



PLC controller is a kind of digital electronic equipment with microprocessor. It is a digital logic controller used for automatic control. It can load control instructions into memory for storage and execution at any time. The programmable controller is modular composed of internal CPU, instruction and data memory, input and output unit, power module, digital analog and other units. PLC controller can be used to control circular motion or linear motion. Nowadays, almost all the main PLC controller products have motion control function. It is used in various machinery, machine tools, robots, elevators and other occasions.



In terms of control mechanism configuration, in the early days, it was directly used for switching value i/o modules to connect position sensors and actuators. Now, special motion control modules are generally used, such as single axis or multi axis position control modules that can drive stepper motors or servo motors.



2、 Realize industrial process control



As an industrial control computer, PLC controller can compile various control algorithm programs to complete closed-loop control. In industrial process control, PLC is mainly used for closed-loop control of analog parameters such as temperature, pressure and flow. All large and medium-sized PLCs have PID modules. PID regulation is a regulation method commonly used in general closed-loop control systems. At present, many small PLC controllers also have this function module.



3、 Realize relevant data processing



Modern PLC controller has the functions of mathematical operation, data transmission and conversion, and can complete data collection, analysis and processing; These data can be compared with the reference values stored in the memory to complete certain control operations, and can also be transmitted to other intelligent devices using the communication function. In large-scale control systems, such as unmanned flexible manufacturing system, PLC controller is one of the core components.



4、 PLC communication and Internet of things



As the general trend of industrial Internet of things, the relevant technologies of PLC communication and Internet of things will be popular in the future. General PLC controller communication includes communication between PLC controllers and communication between PLC controller and other intelligent devices. With the development of industrial control automation, all PLC controller manufacturers attach great importance to the communication function of PLC controller, and have launched their own network systems. New PLC controllers have communication interfaces, which is very convenient for communication.



1538104705109085277. png



PLC technology has great potential in industrial control and Internet of things market



Three characteristics of future PLC Technology



1. Miniaturization and integration are getting higher and higher: with the requirements of the market for miniaturization and integration, PLC technology is more integrated into industrial, automotive, communication and other products. PLC products are characterized by control and data processing. While meeting the functions, the process requirements are more refined.



2. Intelligent PLC technology: with the development of AI technology, more products are endowed with intelligent functions, and PLC is no exception. For example, the intelligent i/o module of PLC used in industrial control and the intelligent temperature control module used in automobiles will have more application scenarios in the future.



3. Diversified PLC technologies: including PLC related programming languages and tools. With the deepening of application scenarios, one or several programming languages cannot achieve all functions, customized PLC products will increase, and PLC modular technologies will also increase.



Great potential of PLC market in China



Today, PLC technology is developing rapidly. According to statistics, there are more than 300 PLC manufacturers and more than 500 PLC products in the world. The United States, Europe and Japan are the main production places, with a market share of more than 60%. There are A-B companies, general electric and Modicon in the United States; Siemens and AEG in Germany; Te company in France; Mitsubishi, Omron and Panasonic in Japan are all famous PLC suppliers.



In recent years, with the attention of the state and enterprises, China's PLC industry has maintained rapid growth, and there have also been some influential enterprises in China, such as Delta, Huichuan, Hexin, Yiwei, Kewei and Lishi. According to relevant data, the scale of China's PLC market in 2017 was 10 billion yuan, and it is expected to maintain a growth rate of 20% in 2018. Domestic PLC products have very good cost performance and service, which has brought them a good reputation and market.



With the continuous improvement of electrification, the railway has been reshaped as a sustainable and energy-saving transportation mode. ABB has actively participated in the construction of rail transit in China, providing a solid and reliable power guarantee for AC / DC substations, passenger station buildings, control and signaling devices, tunnels, locomotives and rolling stock, and promoting the interconnection between provinces and cities. Successful projects include Beijing Shanghai high speed railway, Qinghai Tibet railway, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and many other rail transit projects. As abb capability ™ As part of the building ecosystem of the building ecosystem, the "new building ecosystem" partner program provides a collaborative way to enter the market for suppliers engaged in sustainable development, energy management and decarbonization solutions in the field of commercial buildings.



two



The "new building ecosystem" partner program is realized through a digital, scalable and open platform to accelerate the benefits of ABB customers and provide solution suppliers with opportunities to realize their unlimited potential.



three



The partnership program will have a positive impact on the environment by maximizing energy efficiency and sustainable solutions. The program aims to provide solution suppliers in the commercial construction sector with the opportunity to join ABB capability ™ Building ecosystem is an opportunity to jointly promote the decarbonization and sustainable development of the construction industry. Carbon emissions from commercial buildings account for more than 10% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions. For enterprises and stakeholders in the field of commercial buildings, it is urgent to solve the problem of building decarbonization ABB ability ™ The building ecosystem brings together a complete set of affordable and intuitive software and hardware to simplify the implementation of sustainable buildings. This open platform provides customers with a cross system global perspective, so as to better help users make decisions. At the same time, the platform also has system interoperability and scalability.





Members of the cooperation program will have the opportunity to build on ABB openbos. ABB open building operating system can handle complex integration tasks and help partners simplify the deployment of their solutions. The "new building ecosystem" partnership program also aims to become a growth accelerator for software and Internet of things (IOT) innovators, supporting innovators engaged in sustainable development, energy management and decarbonization solutions in the field of new and renovated commercial buildings. The "new building ecosystem" partner program also provides a variety of options for software partners to become ABB capability ™ Building ecosystem is a part of building ecosystem. The scope of cooperation covers the promotion of a range of solutions, including ABB capability ™ Supplement to existing solutions on the marketplace digital solution subscription platform, and supplier solutions and ABB capability on the open platform ™ Building ecosystem is a solution for building ecosystem integration.



New building ecosystem "partner program with abb capability ™ Based on the building ecosystem and the concept of vendor agnostic, the building ecosystem further breaks the technology island in the building system through the collaboration platform of application programming interface (API). Each partnership will maximize energy efficiency and promote sustainable development through the adoption of technologies that reduce costs and have a positive impact on the environment. Jointly promote the decarbonization and sustainable development of the construction industry. Carbon emissions from commercial buildings account for more than 10% of the global total greenhouse gas emissions. For enterprises and stakeholders in the field of commercial buildings, it is urgent to solve the problem of building decarbonization ABB ability ™ The building ecosystem brings together a complete set of affordable and intuitive software and hardware to simplify the implementation of sustainable buildings. This open platform provides customers with a cross system global perspective, so as to better help users make decisions. At the same time, the platform also has system interoperability and scalability.