IC693BEM330性能0势技术交流市场现状
人体的电阻阻值是很高的，因此，当电路中的电压很低时，由于R灯很小，所以工作电流（I工作）很大；当我们触电时，由于人体接入了电路，与灯泡串联了，而人体的电阻又比较大，电路中的电压又没变，所以触电电流（I触电）就很小了。二、高电压小电流

高电压和小电流也是0样——为什么电器的电压很高而电流很小？因为电器内部有很大的电阻呀！I=U/R，虽然电压U很大，但只要R也足够大，产生的工作电流就会很小。

电蚊拍就是这样的——电压3000V，电流只有0.1A。所以为什么人摸电蚊拍的电网时不会触电呢？人接触到电网，触电电流I=U/（R拍+R人）。此时流经人体的电流只会比0.1A更小，自然不会对人体造成伤害。三、安0电压和安0电流

我们常常听说“安0电压36V”和“安0电流0.03A”，上文说到的“高电压”或“大电流”，很明显都超过了安0值，为什么我们还是不会触电呢？产生这种疑问的朋友，主要是因为混淆了“触电电压”、“触电电流”和“工作电压”、“工作电流”。

这里所说的“安0”，指的是人触电时，加在人体两端的电压和流过人体的电流。

低电压小电流时，加在人体两端的电压很小（低电压本身不高，经过电器分压后，人体两端电压就更小了），流过人体的电流也很小，刚才我们已经算过了。高电压小电流时，人体两端的电压经过电器内电阻的分压（分压公式为R1:R2=U1:U2，电阻越大分压越多），实际加在人体两端的电压很小；电流我们刚才同样算过了，就不多说了。摘要：利用编码器、PLC、称重仪表、条码打印机、上位机组态软件在线监控功能,开发了0套基于PLC和工控机的标签打印控制系统,并给出了该系统的组成、工作原理、设计方案,重点说明了该系统的软件开发过程和现场实际工作效果,该系统具备自动化程度高、操作简单、响应快和故障率低等特点,值得大力推广。利用工控机、传感器和NI公司开发的数据采集控制器NI c DAQ及LabVIEW图形化编程软件,开发设计铁路轴承试验机测控系统,实现对试验轴承载荷、转速的控制和测量,对振动数据和温度数据等试验数据0过程监控和记录,对试验轴承的运行状态进行实时自动监控。树莓派是世界上0小的微型计算机之0,外形小巧但功能强大,基于linux的系统,具有开源的特性,自问世以来,受到工程师和开发爱好者的追捧。目前树莓派已应用于工业0域,诸如德国KUNBUS已经开发了基于树莓派的工控机,用做工业控制和数据采集。1背景在位于大西洋马德拉群岛对面的圣港岛上,雷诺正在进行双向充电实验,目的是将电动汽车电池用作固定存储系统以减轻电网负担。议，为其在瑞典新建的高度自动化的电池装配厂提供0套机器人解决方案。这0新工厂将成为斯堪尼亚在重型车辆电气化转型道路上的重要里程碑。未来几年，斯堪尼亚将在新工厂投资超过10亿瑞典克朗(1.08亿美元)，该工厂预计于2023年0面投入运营。我们很高兴能与斯堪尼亚这位老客户合作，帮助他们实现电气化蓝图。汽车行业0直处于自动化应用的0前沿，但电气化转型意味着汽车行业的制造工艺会发生翻天覆地的变化。凭借专业的自动化技术，我们将设计专门的解决方案，帮助客户提高制造柔性。对于斯堪尼亚这样的市场0导者来说，实现这0转变意义重大。斯堪尼亚电池装配负责人Tony Persson表示：“新工厂依照斯堪尼亚的00理念设计，我们始终走在工业数字化和自动化的前沿，倡导使用0进的机器人技术来简化生产流程、提高生产柔性，而这也正是ABB机器人解决方案的0势所在。对斯堪尼亚来说，新工厂也是0项投资，将进0步巩固瑞典作为重型车辆电气化0技术0导者的地位，这对于实现可持续的交通运输转型至关重要。0进的新工厂位于瑞典南泰利耶（Södertälje），斯堪尼亚的底盘装配厂附近，占地面积达18,000㎡。工厂从接收货物、生产再到交付环节0面实现高度自动化。该工厂将组装位于谢莱夫特奥（Skellefteå）的诺斯沃特（Northvolt's）电池厂提供的电池模块，再将组装好的电池组直接交付给汽车装配车间。多款ABB机器人参与组装过程，包括IRB 390、IRB 4600和IRB 6700，配合机器人系统，共同支持生产过程。这是ABB IRB 390机器人0次应用于电池生产，该机器人0初专用于包装行业，完美兼容速度和力量，仅需0秒即可将触板安装到电池中，并可保持24小时0天候工作。ABB的RobotStudio®模拟编程软件将在部署机器人前对生产线进行0面验证，大大缩短交货时间，同时支持质检流程。斯堪尼亚和ABB拥有超过四十年的良好合作，两家公司正在合作开发电动汽车生产的基础设施。近期，双方合作升级，为重型货车打造充电解决方案，这0方案也将由诺斯沃特公司生产的电池提供动力。诺斯沃特工厂——欧洲0大的锂离子电池工厂——也是与ABB合作开发的。美国太平洋PACIFIC电机及伺服系统拥有性能卓越,在运动控制及伺服0域为用户0选品牌，尤其在冶金、包装等行业更以其极高的性价比和专业化、智能化设计有很高的市场占有率。 型号包括：步进电机 POWERMAX Ⅱ P/M系列，步进电机 POWERPAC K／N系列
美国太平洋步进电机伺服电机Powermax(P和M系列)
此类NEMA23尺寸电机具有八角形外壳。所有标准样式的电机具有8极连接器。
P21，M22，P22，M22等系列
- 美国太平洋步进电机伺服电机POWERMAX II P和M系列设定了NEMA23步进电机的世界性的性能指标，0大静扭矩达到1.78Nm，是世界上功率0大的两英寸步进电机。得益于“有制造工艺而设计(DFM)，以及俄、北美00进的步进电机生产线，POWERMAX的价格有很大的0势。
- 美国太平洋步进电机伺服电机POWERMAX既经济而且性能好--例如长寿命轴承、0良的热绝缘性和0质的磁性材料。ABB's full range of DC charging solutions will be produced in the center to support the electrification of the global transportation field, and demonstrate ABB's commitment to creating intelligent and reliable electric travel charging solutions for electric transportation and building a zero emission future. Frank m ü hlon, CEO of ABB electric transport, said, "The establishment of the Valdano center demonstrates ABB's commitment to building a zero emission future. In addition to increasing production capacity, our investment in the Valdano center will also help expand innovation and R & D activities, continue to consolidate ABB's global leadership in the field of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and provide reliable electric travel solutions for existing and future electric vehicles." The establishment of Valdano center has set a new benchmark for the industry. Thanks to its seven production lines, a DC fast charging pile can be produced every 20 minutes in Valdano center. 15 sets of test equipment can simulate more than 400 charging processes every day, and the integrated automation solution can connect the workshop to the innovative automatic warehouse. With the transportation support of AGV and carrier, this solution can ensure the optimization of inventory control, traceability and efficient operation. In addition, the establishment of the new center will promote the continuous innovation of ABB electric transport. After 14% of 2021 revenue is invested in R & D, the Valdano center will have 3200 square meters of space dedicated to product development and prototype design. Here, about 70 of the more than 500 employees will be committed to implementing innovative solutions and developing new software and product lifecycle management tools to promote the integration of R & D activities and manufacturing. ABB electric transportation has more than 350 R & D experts and more than 350 authorized patents in the world.





The design of Valdano center is based on LEED gold certification, which is a globally recognized independent evaluation standard for building environmental protection design, construction and operation. The Valdano center is designed to use the collected rainwater for irrigation and realize 100% recycling of production waste. All energy needs of the center are provided by certified renewable energy, including the application of a photovoltaic system, which can provide 720 megawatt hours of power per year and reduce 338 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

In addition, thanks to abb capability ™ EAM energy efficiency and asset health management cloud platform, the power distribution of Valdano center has also been optimized. The platform can monitor and effectively manage more than 9000 equipment in Valdano center, including heat conditioning, lighting and air treatment devices. Compared with traditional solutions, it can save about 60% of energy consumption. According to the 2030 sustainable development strategy, abb will actively help to achieve a low-carbon society, help customers reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and achieve carbon neutrality in its own operations. The carbon emissions of the transportation industry account for 29% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. The intelligent and reliable charging solutions developed and produced in Valdano center can accelerate the transformation of environmental protection and enable more environmentally friendly and efficient electric vehicles (including cars, buses and heavy vehicles) to be applied. On June 20, Beijing Fengtai Railway Station, the largest railway hub passenger station in Asia, was officially put into operation today. Beijing Fengtai Railway Station is the first large passenger station in China to adopt a double deck elevated depot with overlapping high-speed and common speed. It is also a large-scale comprehensive transportation hub integrating high-speed railway, common speed railway, urban public transport and rail transit. ABB has provided leading power distribution solutions for the Beijing Fengtai Railway Station project to ensure the safe and stable operation of the electrical system. Beijing Fengtai Railway Station has a total construction area of 757000 square meters, of which the station building has a construction area of nearly 400000 square meters, which is 1.2 times that of Beijing South Railway Station. The highest number of people gathered can reach 14000. The station has a total scale of 17 stations and 32 lines. After its opening, it will undertake the line trains of Beijing Guangzhou high speed railway, Beijing Hong Kong high speed railway, Beijing Shanghai railway, Beijing Kowloon Railway, Beijing Yuanyuan railway and Beijing suburban railway, connect with major stations in Beijing, and optimize and improve the comprehensive transportation system of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.




As the project "has high-speed rail on the top floor, common ground speed and underground subway", its daily operation involves the safety of more than 100000 passengers, and the safety and reliability of the power supply system is very important. ABB's power distribution solution improves the safety and reliability of the power distribution system through the overall optimization design and the selection of components with leading technology, so as to ensure the normal operation of the rail transit system and meet the demand for the rising transport capacity in the future.





At Beijing Fengtai Railway Station, abb Emax 2 air circuit breaker, Tmax XT molded case circuit breaker, S200 series and S280 series miniature circuit breakers, OT series disconnectors, ax series contactors, leakage protectors, thermal relays and other electrical products are ensuring the continuity of power distribution, providing overload, short circuit, grounding fault and indirect electric shock protection for low-voltage distribution network, and supporting the construction of higher performance electrical systems, Solve the electrical problems that the rail transit system may encounter. Based on its deep understanding of the importance and complexity of railway hubs, abb actively explores the green materials, equipment energy consumption management, full life cycle management, digital operation and maintenance and other fields of electrical equipment, aiming to improve the electrification and intelligence level of railway power distribution infrastructure, meet the management needs under various operation scenarios and modes, and help users use energy more efficiently, Inject more power into the safety and sustainable development of the railway industry. With the continuous improvement of electrification, the railway has been reshaped as a sustainable and energy-saving transportation mode. ABB has actively participated in the construction of rail transit in China, providing a solid and reliable power guarantee for AC / DC substations, passenger station buildings, control and signaling devices, tunnels, locomotives and rolling stock, and promoting the interconnection between provinces and cities. Successful projects include Beijing Shanghai high speed railway, Qinghai Tibet railway, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and many other rail transit projects.



Industrial control refers to industrial automation control, which is mainly realized by the combination of electronic, electrical, mechanical and software. That is industrial control, or factory automation control. It mainly refers to the use of computer technology, microelectronics technology and electrical means to make the production and manufacturing process of the factory more automatic, efficient, accurate, controllable and visible.



Industrial control computer is a general term for tools that use bus structure to detect and control the production process, electromechanical equipment and process equipment. It has important computer attributes and characteristics, such as computer CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and interfaces, real-time operating system, control network and protocol, computing power, friendly man-machine interface, etc. The main categories of industrial computers include IPC (PC bus industrial computer), PLC (programmable control system), DCS (distributed control system), FCS (Fieldbus System) and CNC (numerical control system). Everyone who studies electronics knows that PLC is a very important device and a relatively difficult technology. It is a digital operation electronic system specially designed for application in the industrial environment. It is the basis for realizing industrial automation and Internet of things control. It has a very broad application prospect in the future.



PLC technology originated in the United States



PLC technology originated in the United States. General Motors of the United States was the first to apply PLC. In the 1960s, when they adjusted the factory production line, they found that the relay and contactor control system was difficult to modify, large in size, noisy, inconvenient to maintain and poor in reliability. Subsequently, the American digital equipment company developed the first programmable controller, which has achieved remarkable results in the production line of general motors. Later, PLC technology was developed in Japan and Europe, and programmable controllers were successfully developed in Japan and Germany. In 1974, China also began to study programmable controllers and widely used in various fields.



PLC first replaced the mechanical switch device, and then the function of PLC gradually replaced the relay control board. Modern PLC has more functions, and its purpose extends from single process control to the control and monitoring of the whole manufacturing system.



Application of PLC technology in industrial automation, Internet of things control and other fields



At present, PLC technology is widely used in industrial automation, automotive electronics, transportation, Internet of things control and other industries. Its role in these fields can be roughly divided into four categories.



1、 For various motion control



PLC controller is a kind of digital electronic equipment with microprocessor. It is a digital logic controller used for automatic control. It can load control instructions into memory for storage and execution at any time. The programmable controller is modular composed of internal CPU, instruction and data memory, input and output unit, power module, digital analog and other units. PLC controller can be used to control circular motion or linear motion. Nowadays, almost all the main PLC controller products have motion control function. It is used in various machinery, machine tools, robots, elevators and other occasions.



In terms of control mechanism configuration, in the early days, it was directly used for switching value i/o modules to connect position sensors and actuators. Now, special motion control modules are generally used, such as single axis or multi axis position control modules that can drive stepper motors or servo motors.



2、 Realize industrial process control



As an industrial control computer, PLC controller can compile various control algorithm programs to complete closed-loop control. In industrial process control, PLC is mainly used for closed-loop control of analog parameters such as temperature, pressure and flow. All large and medium-sized PLCs have PID modules. PID regulation is a regulation method commonly used in general closed-loop control systems. At present, many small PLC controllers also have this function module.



3、 Realize relevant data processing



Modern PLC controller has the functions of mathematical operation, data transmission and conversion, and can complete data collection, analysis and processing; These data can be compared with the reference values stored in the memory to complete certain control operations, and can also be transmitted to other intelligent devices using the communication function. In large-scale control systems, such as unmanned flexible manufacturing system, PLC controller is one of the core components.



4、 PLC communication and Internet of things



As the general trend of industrial Internet of things, the relevant technologies of PLC communication and Internet of things will be popular in the future. General PLC controller communication includes communication between PLC controllers and communication between PLC controller and other intelligent devices. With the development of industrial control automation, all PLC controller manufacturers attach great importance to the communication function of PLC controller, and have launched their own network systems. New PLC controllers have communication interfaces, which is very convenient for communication.



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PLC technology has great potential in industrial control and Internet of things market



Three characteristics of future PLC Technology



1. Miniaturization and integration are getting higher and higher: with the requirements of the market for miniaturization and integration, PLC technology is more integrated into industrial, automotive, communication and other products. PLC products are characterized by control and data processing. While meeting the functions, the process requirements are more refined.



2. Intelligent PLC technology: with the development of AI technology, more products are endowed with intelligent functions, and PLC is no exception. For example, the intelligent i/o module of PLC used in industrial control and the intelligent temperature control module used in automobiles will have more application scenarios in the future.



3. Diversified PLC technologies: including PLC related programming languages and tools. With the deepening of application scenarios, one or several programming languages cannot achieve all functions, customized PLC products will increase, and PLC modular technologies will also increase.



Great potential of PLC market in China



Today, PLC technology is developing rapidly. According to statistics, there are more than 300 PLC manufacturers and more than 500 PLC products in the world. The United States, Europe and Japan are the main production places, with a market share of more than 60%. There are A-B companies, general electric and Modicon in the United States; Siemens and AEG in Germany; Te company in France; Mitsubishi, Omron and Panasonic in Japan are all famous PLC suppliers.



In recent years, with the attention of the state and enterprises, China's PLC industry has maintained rapid growth, and there have also been some influential enterprises in China, such as Delta, Huichuan, Hexin, Yiwei, Kewei and Lishi. According to relevant data, the scale of China's PLC market in 2017 was 10 billion yuan, and it is expected to maintain a growth rate of 20% in 2018. Domestic PLC products have very good cost performance and service, which has brought them a good reputation and market.



With the continuous improvement of electrification, the railway has been reshaped as a sustainable and energy-saving transportation mode. ABB has actively participated in the construction of rail transit in China, providing a solid and reliable power guarantee for AC / DC substations, passenger station buildings, control and signaling devices, tunnels, locomotives and rolling stock, and promoting the interconnection between provinces and cities. Successful projects include Beijing Shanghai high speed railway, Qinghai Tibet railway, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and many other rail transit projects. As abb capability ™ As part of the building ecosystem of the building ecosystem, the "new building ecosystem" partner program provides a collaborative way to enter the market for suppliers engaged in sustainable development, energy management and decarbonization solutions in the field of commercial buildings.



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The "new building ecosystem" partner program is realized through a digital, scalable and open platform to accelerate the benefits of ABB customers and provide solution suppliers with opportunities to realize their unlimited potential.



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The partnership program will have a positive impact on the environment by maximizing energy efficiency and sustainable solutions. The program aims to provide solution suppliers in the commercial construction sector with the opportunity to join ABB capability ™ Building ecosystem is an opportunity to jointly promote the decarbonization and sustainable development of the construction industry. Carbon emissions from commercial buildings account for more than 10% of the global total greenhouse gas emissions. For enterprises and stakeholders in the field of commercial buildings, it is urgent to solve the problem of building decarbonization ABB ability ™ The building ecosystem brings together a complete set of affordable and intuitive software and hardware to simplify the implementation of sustainable buildings. This open platform provides customers with a cross system global perspective, so as to better help users make decisions. At the same time, the platform also has system interoperability and scalability.





Members of the cooperation program will have the opportunity to build on ABB openbos. ABB open building operating system can handle complex integration tasks and help partners simplify the deployment of their solutions. The "new building ecosystem" partnership program also aims to become a growth accelerator for software and Internet of things (IOT) innovators, supporting innovators engaged in sustainable development, energy management and decarbonization solutions in the field of new and renovated commercial buildings. The "new building ecosystem" partner program also provides a variety of options for software partners to become ABB capability ™ Building ecosystem is a part of building ecosystem. The scope of cooperation covers the promotion of a range of solutions, including ABB capability ™ Supplement to existing solutions on the marketplace digital solution subscription platform, and supplier solutions and ABB capability on the open platform ™ Building Ecosystem