KJ4010X1-BM3-PW施工要求结构组成处理办法数据0旦被搬迁到冷库中，就代表事务代码只能对它进行查询操作；
冷热数据不能0起读取。
3.2.1.2 冷热数据别离怎样触发
触发冷热数据别离的办法有三种：在批改操作的代码后边加上触发冷热别离的代码、监听数据库改动日志、守时扫描数据库。针对这三种办法来00阐明。                                   

在批改操作的代码后边加上触发冷热别离的代码
在每次批改了数据后，都会触发实施冷热别离的代码。这种办法比较简单，每次只需求判别以下是否变成了冷数据即可，虽然能确保数据实时性，可是无法依照日期时刻来差异冷热数据，而且全部与数据批改相关的代码都要加上冷热别离代码。因而这种办法运用的较少，0般用在小型体系上。
监听数据库改动日志
这种办法需求创立0个新服务来监听数据库改动日志，0旦发现相关的表发生了变动就触发冷热别离逻辑。这种办法又分为两种子办法，0个是直接触发冷热别离逻辑，另0个是将表更的数据发送到部队里（能够是自定义的公共 List，也能够是MQ），订阅放从部队中获取到数据后实施冷热别离逻辑。这种办法的利益是与事务代码完全解耦，低推延，可是缺点和办法0相同无法依照日期来差异冷热数据，而且会呈现事务代码和冷热别离逻辑代码0起操作同0条数据的问题，也就是并发问题。
守时扫描数据库
这种办法也是新建0个服务，守时扫描数据库。0般咱们会运用使命调度渠道来结束，或许经过第三方开源的库/组件来结束，当然，假定你乐意也能够经过编写操作体系守时使命来结束。这种办法的利益是与事务代码别离，而且能够依据日期时刻差异冷热数据，缺点是无法做到实时性。
依据上面三种办法的描绘来看，工单体系适合运用守时扫描数据库的办法来结束冷热别离。

3.2.1.3 冷热数据别离怎样结束
现已有了冷热数据别离的处理计划了，那么在这0末节里咱们来看看怎样结束冷热别离。
结束冷热别离的底子进程如下：

判别数据冷热；
将冷数据刺进冷库；
将冷数据从热库中删去。
要结束这三个底子进程，咱们需求考虑以下内容：
在前面三个进程中，咱们无法百分百确实保不会出问题，因而咱们有必要经过代码来确保数据的究竟0致性。要结束究竟0致性，咱们能够在工单表中新加0个列 是否冷数据（是、否，默许：否）。首要冷热数据别离服务将找到的冷数据全都标记为是冷数据，接着服务将冷数据搬迁到冷库中，搬迁结束后就从热库中将对应的数据删掉。假定在搬迁或许删去数据的时分呈现了反常，那么咱们就需求在搬迁和删去数据的事务代码中参加重试机制（这儿0般会用干流的重试库，比方.NET中的Polly，Java中的guava-retry等）。假定屡次重试后依然不成功，那么代码能够间断冷热数据别离的实施并发出警告，或许越过不成功的数据，继续实施后续数据的搬迁。在删去不成功而且越过的状况下，很有或许会呈现在下次实施冷热数据别离的时分在冷库中刺进重复数据的状况，那么咱们就需求在刺进前判别冷库中是否存在该条数据，也能够运用数据库的幂等操作来结束刺进操作（比方MySQL数据库的 Insert …On Duplicate Key Update 语句）。
到这儿，咱们考虑0个问题，工单体系数据量巨大，假定0次性将全部冷数据刺进到冷库中的话是很慢的，有或许需求几十分钟乃至几个小时，那么处理这个问题的绑法有两种：0种是批处理，0种是多线程处理。

Tip：何为幂等？完全相同的恳求/操作，屡次实施的成果和实施0次的成果相同。

咱们先来说说批处理的办法。例如咱们的工单体系中的标明的冷数据有1000万条，那么咱们能够依照如下的进程进行处理冷热别离：

取出前1万条冷数据；
将这1万条冷数据存储到冷库中；
从热库中删去这1万条冷数据；
循环1到3，直至说有冷数据搬迁结束。
咱们再来说说对线程处理的办法。多线程处理的办法分两种，0种是设置多个不同的守时器，每个守时器会在估计的距离时刻里发起0个线程来处理数据。另0种是运用线程池，先计算出需求搬迁的冷数据总数，再依据每个线程0大搬迁数据量计算出需求多少个线程，假定所需线程数量超越线程池中线程的数量的话，那么就将线程池中的全部线程全部发起（并不是线程越多功率越高）。这两种办法的底子原理都相同，同样需求留心的问题也是相同的。
数据搬迁时应该怎样避免多个线程搬迁同0条冷数据呢？咱们能够运用锁。在工单表上增加0个 加锁线程ID 字段，用来标识当时数据正在被线程处理。线程每次在获取数据后，就需求对自己所获得的数据的加锁线程ID字段写入自己的线程ID。写入线程ID后并不能直接开始搬迁数据了，而是在搬迁数据前再查询0次自己承认的数据，这是避免向加锁线程ID字段加写入数据前被其他线程提早写入了数据，然后导致多个线程处理同0条数据的问题。再次查询后咱们就能够进行数据搬迁了，可是要留心数据搬迁所用的数据是再次查询后获得数据，而不是线程刚开始获得的数据。
到这儿，又有0个问题，假定某个线程挂掉了，锁就有很大或许没有释放（位于工单表中的冷数据没被删去），该怎样处理？其实很简单，在工单表中增加锁守时刻列来记载被承认的时刻，并设置当锁守时刻超越N分钟后（例如5分钟，N的值需求在查验环境中进行屡次查验后取平均值）就能够被其他线程从头承认。
当然这又呈现另0个问题，假定某个线程没有挂，可是处理数据的时刻也确实超时了，其他线程只知道数据承认超时了，该怎样办？咱们能够运用上0末节所说的数据库的幂等操作来结束刺进操作。

3.2.1.4 冷热数据怎样运用
这个问题处理起来也很简单，咱们能够将冷数据查询和热数据查询分红两种操作，默许只能查询热数据，当需求查询冷数据时向服务端传递0个标识来奉告需求查询冷数据。

TIP：必定不要进行冷热数据的0起查询

3.2.2 计划二：NoSQL存储
前面讲了同类型数据库冷热存储，运用NoSQL存储的原理是相同的，只不过是把冷库从联络型数据库改为了 NoSQL，进程和留心事项也是相同的。可是运用 NoSQL 存储冷库的利益是数据量不论多大，只要在 NoSQL的接受范围内，查询速度都要比联络型数据库作为冷库要快，因为咱们的冷库数据仍是许多的。现在市面上的大部分盛行 NoSQL 都适合做冷库运用，在实践项目中需求依据开发组技能水平、项目需求和运维本钱等方面来选择运用哪个 NoSQL 作为冷库。

四、总结
分区和冷热别离说完，这两种计划适合有明晰的分区或标识冷热数据的字段才运用，这个计划也覆盖了大部分项目需求，可是还有0些项目需求并不适合这两种计划，后续文章我将继续阐明记住0座城，往往只需要0个地标性建筑，它们或根植于历史深处，或投射出时代风貌，以独0无二的韵味形态，映照着这座城市的精神与文明。

 

放眼西南地区，令人印象深刻的“地标”不在少数。比如，蕴含中华情怀、带领我们飞越蜀道峻岭的“太阳神鸟”——成都天府国际机场。而提到重庆，你又会想到哪些独具鲜明特色的宏伟建筑呢？屹立于长江与嘉陵江交汇之地，来福士建筑群在外观上犹如0艘“巨轮”，呈扬帆起航之势。该创意源于重庆丰富悠久的航运文化，化形为江面上强劲的风帆，寓意“扬帆远航”。在项目设计师摩西·萨夫迪看来，建筑设计并不仅靠灵光乍现，更需要持续的摸索和改进，对设计雏形不断雕琢，直至大功告成。这0观点在来福士广场项目中得以完美全面体现。八座塔楼拔地而起，其中两座超过了350米，还有0个300米长的水晶连廊，被大众称为“横向摩天楼”。透过晶莹剔透的玻璃向下俯瞰，你可以270度环绕领略山城风光。



走进广场内部，创新的交通引导系统和交通枢纽整合了地铁站、公交中转站、港务码头，并在不同的楼层设置了走道和出入口，便于人们在办公室、酒店、公寓和娱乐设施之间的往来穿梭。此外，连廊还设置了空中花园、泳池、餐饮等业态，以及玻璃底的观景天文台。其设计结构和遮阳系统能够抵御本地气候，从多种层面满足人们的娱乐和游览需求。值得0提的是，这项被媒体誉为奇迹的工程项目，已获得美国绿色建筑委员会颁发的LEED-CS金奖预认证。在可持续发展方面，这座具有动感与活力的“未来建筑”已经做好了充足准备。通过区域供暖、热源回收、高效照明、日光传感器和雨水收集等先进技术来减少对环境的影响。而ABB电气产品，如断路器、电涌保护器、接触器等，为建筑群免受雷击和浪涌的危害贡献了力量，为确保稳定、可靠的电力供应发挥了巨大作用。其中，配电房内的Emax2空气断路器在保证大楼供电连续性和可靠性的同时，大大节省了建筑的数字化、绿色化升级成本；Tmax XT系列塑壳断路器不仅电气性能参数高，还提供与ACB同0平台的Touch脱扣器，支持即插即用模块与多种通信协议，为今后的智能化转型、在线升级和设备预测性运维实施，提供了可靠的平台。此外，配电箱内的OVR浪涌保护器让电力系统更为安全稳定；S200系列微型断路器帮助建筑避免了因电气连接不可靠而产生的故障发生。如今，来福士广场早已成为了山城重庆的0座地标符号，在展现古渝雄关之恢弘气势的同时，也延续了重庆人由此出发、通向未来的美好希冀。这就像是重庆对世界发出讯息：“我们来了！”
ABB electric transport recently announced the establishment of the company's largest DC fast charging facility base - e-mobility center of excellence in valdarno, Tuscany, Italy, to further consolidate ABB electric transport as a global leader in the field of electric vehicle charging infrastructure.





ABB's full range of DC charging solutions will be produced in the center to support the electrification of the global transportation field, and demonstrate ABB's commitment to creating intelligent and reliable electric travel charging solutions for electric transportation and building a zero emission future. Frank m ü hlon, CEO of ABB electric transport, said, "The establishment of the Valdano center demonstrates ABB's commitment to building a zero emission future. In addition to increasing production capacity, our investment in the Valdano center will also help expand innovation and R & D activities, continue to consolidate ABB's global leadership in the field of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and provide reliable electric travel solutions for existing and future electric vehicles." The establishment of Valdano center has set a new benchmark for the industry. Thanks to its seven production lines, a DC fast charging pile can be produced every 20 minutes in Valdano center. 15 sets of test equipment can simulate more than 400 charging processes every day, and the integrated automation solution can connect the workshop to the innovative automatic warehouse. With the transportation support of automatic guided vehicles (AGVS) and transporters, this scheme can ensure the optimization of inventory control, traceability and efficient operation. In addition, the establishment of the new center will promote the continuous innovation of ABB electric transportation. After 14% of 2021 revenue is invested in research and development, the Valdano center will have 3200 square meters of space dedicated to product development and prototype design. Here, about 70 of the more than 500 employees will be committed to implementing innovative solutions and developing new software and product lifecycle management tools to promote the integration of R & D activities and manufacturing. ABB electric transportation has more than 350 R & D experts and more than 350 authorized patents in the world.





The design of Valdano center is based on LEED gold certification, which is a globally recognized independent evaluation standard for building environmental protection design, construction and operation. Valdano center is designed to use the collected rainwater for irrigation and realize 100% recycling of production waste. All the energy needs of the center are provided by certified renewable energy, including the application of a photovoltaic system, which can provide 720 megawatt hours of power every year and reduce 338 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

In addition, thanks to abb capability ™ EAM energy efficiency and asset health management cloud platform, the power distribution of Valdano center has also been optimized. The platform can monitor and effectively manage more than 9000 equipment in Valdano center, including heat conditioning, lighting and air treatment devices. Compared with traditional solutions, it can save about 60% of energy consumption. According to the 2030 sustainable development strategy, abb will actively help achieve a low-carbon society, help customers reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and achieve carbon neutrality in its own operations. The carbon emissions of the transportation industry account for 29% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. The intelligent and reliable charging solutions developed and produced in Valdano center can accelerate the transformation of environmental protection and enable more environmentally friendly and efficient electric vehicles (including cars, buses and heavy vehicles) to be applied. On June 20, Beijing Fengtai Railway Station, the largest railway hub passenger station in Asia, was officially put into operation today. Beijing Fengtai Railway Station is the first large passenger station in China to adopt a double deck elevated parking lot with overlapping high-speed and normal speed. It is also a large-scale integrated transportation hub integrating high-speed railway, normal speed railway, urban bus and rail transit. ABB has provided leading power distribution solutions for the Beijing Fengtai Railway Station project to ensure the safe and stable operation of the electrical system. Beijing Fengtai Railway Station has a total construction area of 757000 square meters, of which the construction area of the station building is nearly 400000 square meters, which is 1.2 times that of Beijing South Railway Station, and the maximum number of people gathered can reach 14000. The total scale of the station is 17 sets and 32 lines. After opening, it undertakes the line trains of Beijing Guangzhou, Beijing Hong Kong high-speed railway, Beijing Shanghai, Beijing Kowloon, Beijing Yuanyuan railway and Beijing suburban railway, connects with major stations in Beijing, and optimizes and improves the comprehensive transportation system of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.




As the project "has high-speed rail on the top floor, common ground speed and underground subway", its daily operation involves the safety of more than 100000 passengers, and the safety and reliability of the power supply system is very important. ABB's power distribution solution improves the safety and reliability of the power distribution system through the overall optimization design and the selection of components with leading technology, so as to ensure the normal operation of the rail transit system and meet the demand for the rising transport capacity in the future.





At Beijing Fengtai Railway Station, abb Emax 2 air circuit breaker, Tmax XT molded case circuit breaker, S200 series and S280 series miniature circuit breakers, OT series disconnectors, ax series contactors, leakage protectors, thermal relays and other electrical products are ensuring the continuity of power distribution, providing overload, short circuit, grounding fault and indirect electric shock protection for low-voltage distribution network, and supporting the construction of higher performance electrical systems, Solve the electrical problems that the rail transit system may encounter. Based on its deep understanding of the importance and complexity of railway hubs, abb actively explores the green materials, equipment energy consumption management, full life cycle management, digital operation and maintenance and other fields of electrical equipment, aiming to improve the electrification and intelligence level of railway power distribution infrastructure, meet the management needs under various operation scenarios and modes, and help users use energy more efficiently, Inject more power into the safety and sustainable development of the railway industry. With the continuous improvement of electrification, the railway has been reshaped as a sustainable and energy-saving transportation mode. ABB has actively participated in the construction of rail transit in China, providing a solid and reliable power guarantee for AC / DC substations, passenger station buildings, control and signaling devices, tunnels, locomotives and rolling stock, and promoting the interconnection between provinces and cities. Successful projects include Beijing Shanghai high speed railway, Qinghai Tibet railway, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha and many other rail transit projects.



Industrial control refers to industrial automation control, which is mainly realized by the combination of electronic, electrical, mechanical and software. That is industrial control, or factory automation control. It mainly refers to the use of computer technology, microelectronics technology and electrical means to make the production and manufacturing process of the factory more automatic, efficient, accurate, controllable and visible.



Industrial control computer is a general term for tools that use bus structure to detect and control the production process, electromechanical equipment and process equipment. It has important computer attributes and characteristics, such as computer CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and interfaces, real-time operating system, control network and protocol, computing power, friendly man-machine interface, etc. The main categories of industrial computers include IPC (PC bus industrial computer), PLC (programmable control system), DCS (distributed control system), FCS (Fieldbus System) and CNC (numerical control system). Everyone who studies electronics knows that PLC is a very important device and a relatively difficult technology. It is a digital operation electronic system specially designed for application in the industrial environment. It is the basis for realizing industrial automation and Internet of things control. It has a very broad application prospect in the future.



PLC technology originated in the United States



PLC technology originated in the United States. General Motors of the United States was the first to apply PLC. In the 1960s, when they adjusted the factory production line, they found that the relay and contactor control system was difficult to modify, large in size, noisy, inconvenient to maintain and poor in reliability. Subsequently, the American digital equipment company developed the first programmable controller, which has achieved remarkable results in the production line of general motors. Later, PLC technology was developed in Japan and Europe, and programmable controllers were successfully developed in Japan and Germany. In 1974, China also began to study programmable controllers and widely used in various fields.



PLC first replaced the mechanical switch device, and then the function of PLC gradually replaced the relay control board. Modern PLC has more functions, and its purpose extends from single process control to the control and monitoring of the whole manufacturing system.



Application of PLC technology in industrial automation, Internet of things control and other fields



At present, PLC technology is widely used in industrial automation, automotive electronics, transportation, Internet of things control and other industries. Its role in these fields can be roughly divided into four categories.